INFOTECH · Artal Smart Agriculture technical and scientific reports

Chelates and complexes

Introduction

Certain chemical elements, known as nutrients, play a fundamental role in the growth and viability of crops. These have to be provided in sufficient quantity to have a healthy crop. There are several ways to provide nutrients: inorganic form, in the form of complexes or in the form of chelates. In the case of the last two forms, these are nutrients “sequestered” by molecules (or agents) that facilitate their incorporation into the plant and greatly increase the availability of these nutrients for plants.

In this report we analyze the advantages of complexes / chelates as a way of applying nutrients to inorganic forms and how to choose if chelates or complexes are required.

We can offer you a complete range of products such as our range FLOWAL (Simple trace elements); NUTRIARTAL (double trace elements y triple); MICROPONIC (mix of trace elements).

Technical information: chelates and complexes

Nutrients

Some chemical elements play an important role in all living beings. They are known as Nutrients.

They are divided into four groups:

  1. CHO elements: Acronym for Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. They are the major elements in all living beings.
  2. Macroelements: Elements that are found in large quantities in plants. They are key for their survival. Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphorus are included here.
  3. Secondary macroelements: Macroelements presents in lower concentrations that the primaries. Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)are included here.
  4. Microelements: Nutrients present in plants in really low concentrations. Chlorine (Cl), Iron (Fe), Boron (B), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo) and Nickel (Ni) are included here.

Nutrient Application

To avoid or correct a deficiency of the mentioned nutrients crops are applied:

Mineral Compounds

They are natural minerals: oxides, nitrates, chlorides and sulphates. The widest used compounds are sulphates and nitrates. These elements, since they are solo, they can react freely with soil ions, making them precipitate.

Complexes and Chelates

Nutrients attached to a molecule that avoid them precipitating as an inorganic salt and makes their assimilation by the plant easier. There are two kinds of molecules, or agents: Complexing or Chelating agents.

Chelating and Complexing Agents

An agent is the molecule with the ability to attach itself to elements with an ionic valence of +2 or +3. We classify them into complexing or chelating agents, and from natural or synthetic origin.

Chelates

Chelating agents are molecules with the ability to attach to nutrients (Zn, Cu…) forming VERY STABLE bonds. They are all synthetics. The most common agents are EDTA, HEDTA and EDDHA. They are not biodegradables, so they leave residues in the ground.

Complexes

Complexing agents are molecules from synthetic and natural origin that form less stable bonds with nutrients than the chelating agents. In return, they are fully biodegradable and easier to produce.

Among synthetic complexing agent we find gluconic and heptagluconic acids, and among the natural ones, lignosulphonates, amino acids, reducing sugars, humic and fulvic matters…

Chelating

EDTA

This is the most widespread agent in the market, and it is used along all microelements. It shows a higher affinity (chelating constant) slightly superior to HEDTA.
Chelating agent EDTA - Artal

HEDTA

This chelating agent is similar but different to EDTA. It shows less affinity for some microelements than EDTA, but its extra Hydrogen makes these compounds more water-soluble and less photosensible, making them more suitable as foliar application products than EDTA chelates.
Chelating agent HEDTA - Artal

Complexes (synthesis)

Gluconic Acid

This complexing agent shows a good affinity for ions, but this affinity is lower than any chelating agent. It is a completely biodegradable agent, leaving no residues in the soil.
Gluconic Acid - Artal

Heptagluconic Acid

This complexing agent is similar to the gluconic acid but it has more anchoring points, and a single agent can complex several nutrients. Also it shows great affinity for nutrients at basic pH, making it suitable as a complexing agent in limestone soils.
Heptagluconic Acid - Artal

Complexes (organic)

Lignosulphonates

These compounds, extracted from wood, are completely natural, so besides its complexing power they act as organic matter when they are applied. They are fully biodegradable and complex macro and microelements.
Lignosulphonates - Artal

Boron and Molybdenum

Both Boron and Molybdenum cannot be chelated/complexed because of their ionic valence. Their application is exclusively mineral.

Boron is often reacted with ethanolamine, producing the compound Boroethanolamine that improves the formulation of Boron-containing products since they increase the quantity of Boron that can be solved in the formula.

What to Use?

Mineral Compounds

BENEFITS

  • Mineral compounds (nitrates, chlorides…) are the cheapest fertilizer products.

DRAWBACKS

  • They react freely with soil ions, precipitating as insoluble salts if soil pH favours the precipitation.
  • Less affinity for the plants. Mineral elements don’t present as much affinity for toots and stomata as complexes/chelates.
Chelates

BENEFITS

  • The elements are strongly attached to the agent, that avoids them to precipitate in the soil at a wide pH range.
  • They favour root and foliar assimilation of the elements.

DRAWBACKS

  • They are more expensive than the complexes.
  • They are not biodegradables, leaving residues in the soil.
  • They are not recommended for foliar products since their high stability is not required because the product will not be in touch with the soil.
Complexes

BENEFITS

  • They leave no residues in the soil.
  • They favour foliar and root assimilation of the nutrients.
  • Cheaper than chelates.
  • Recommended for foliar application.

DRAWBACKS

  • Less stability of the bonds, which limits their utility in products of radicular application.

The Choice

Mineral Compounds

If there is no other choice. They are cheaper but larger quantities of product have to be applied because of their tendency to precipitate as salts.

Chelates

Recommended for root application of microelements.

Complexes

Recommended products for the application of secondary macroelements and foliar application of nutrients.

Summary

Chelates and complexes are nutrients bonded with agents that:

  • Improve the assimilation of the microelements since they change them to a more favorable ionic state for them to be absorbed by the plant.
  • Avoid microelements to react with soil ions that will make them precipitate as inorganic salts.

MICROPONIC

MICROPONIC is a microelement chelate with Boron, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum and Zinc, chelated with HEEDTA.

It acts as a deficiency corrector due to its wide microelement variety.

Its application is recommended during active metabolism period, like sprouting or fruit production.

Read MICROPONIC

FLOWAL

FLOWAL fertilizers are chelates and simple complexes (of Calcium, Zinc, Magnesium, Manganese and Iron) chelated with heptagluconic acid or with HEEDTA.

They are microelements nutrients and/or deficiency correctors that work in wide ranges of pH.

Read FLOWAL range products.

NUTRIARTALNUTRIARTAL is a trace elements complex, with a 100% complexed manganese and zinc balanced formula

NUTRIARTAL fertilizers are microelement complexed that contain Manganese and Zinc with gluconic acid as complexing agent. Also they can contain Iron (NUTRIARTAL Fe) or Magnesium (NUTRIARTAL Mg).

They act as Zinc and Manganese sources to prevent and/or correct deficiencies that delay and reduce production.

Brief report Chelates and Complexes (PDF).

Request the full report to infotec@artal.net

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